Georgian and Victorian Influence Later centuries saw further alterations reflecting changing tastes. The Georgian period introduced more symmetrical facades and sash windows, while Victorian restorations sought to preserve and romanticize the medieval character of the building. These later additions blended with the original structure, making Smit

The Medieval Manor House The earliest surviving parts of Smithills Hall date from the late 14th century, around 1370–1400. This was a period marked by the aftermath of the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War, which had profound social and economic impacts on England. The hall’s construction reflected the feudal status of its owners, designe

The invention and gradual adoption of gunpowder artillery in Europe from the 14th century onward began the decline of traditional stone-throwing siege engines. Introduction of Cannons and Bombards Early cannons were capable of firing stone balls as projectiles but with much more power and accuracy. The introduction of gunpowder artillery

The Counterweight Trebuchet vs. Traction Trebuchet Two main types existed: Traction Trebuchet: Powered by people pulling ropes to swing the arm. This older design was simpler but less powerful. Counterweight Trebuchet: Used a heavy counterweight for greater force and range. tone-throwing siege engines also developed independently